Progress in the microbiological applications of mass spectrometry: From electron impact to soft ionization techniques, MALDI-TOF MS and beyond

Shah, Ajit J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2350-6384, Shah, Haroun N., Gharbia, Saheer E. and Francese, Simona ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-1262 (2023) Progress in the microbiological applications of mass spectrometry: From electron impact to soft ionization techniques, MALDI-TOF MS and beyond. In: Microbiological Identification using MALDI-TOF and Tandem Mass Spectrometry Industrial and Environmental Applications. Shah, Haroun N., Gharbia, Saheer E., Shah, Ajit ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2350-6384, Tranfield, Erika and Clive, Thompson, eds. Wiley, pp. 1-35. ISBN 978-1-119-81405-4. [Book Section] (Accepted/In press)

Abstract

Over the past two decades, advances in genomics, proteomics and metabolomics and their key technologies, such as mass spectrometry (MS) and particularly matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS, have propelled microbiology to the forefront of life sciences, radically altering the workflow of diagnostic laboratories and subsequently expanding into environmental and industrial applications. The road map of microbial classification has been profoundly altered and has progressed from a phenotypic, determinative system to one based on phylogeny as new technologies have been incorporated, modified and applied. This transition has been complex, and hence to illustrate its impact, it is discussed here in the first instance in the context of a single genus, Bacteroides, first described in 1898 [1, 2]. This is the dominant taxon of the intestinal tract of humans and animals and therefore plays a pivotal role in health and disease. The nature of this multifaceted ecosystem is central to an understanding of the biology of humans and requires in-depth analysis of the physiology and diversity of its microbiome. MS has been the underlying technology used to probe this ecosystem since studies first commenced over six decades ago (see Drasar and Hill [3]).

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