Locating functionalized gold nanoparticles using electrical impedance tomography

Bayford, Richard ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8863-6385, Damaso, Rui, Neshatvar, Nazanin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-8883, Ivanenko, Yevhen, Rademacher, Thomas W., Wu, Yu, Seifnaraghi, Nima, Ghali, Lucy ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3410-6615, Patel, Nakul, Roitt, Ivan, Nordebo, Sven and Demosthenous, Andreas (2021) Locating functionalized gold nanoparticles using electrical impedance tomography. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering . ISSN 0018-9294 [Article] (Published online first) (doi:10.1109/TBME.2021.3100256)

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Abstract

Objective: An imaging device to locate functionalised nanoparticles, whereby therapeutic agents are transported from the site of administration specifically to diseased tissues, remains a challenge for pharmaceutical research. Here, we show a new method based on electrical impedance tomography (EIT) to provide images of the location of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and the excitation of GNPs with radio frequencies (RF) to change impedance permitting an estimation of their location in cell models

Methods: We have created an imaging system using quantum cluster GNPs as contrast agent, activated with RF fields to heat the functionalized GNPs, which causes a change in impedance in the surrounding region. This change is then identified with EIT.

Results: Images of impedance changes of around 80±4% are obtained for a sample of citrate stabilized GNPs in a solution of phosphate-buffered saline. A second quantification was carried out using colorectal cancer cells incubated with culture media, and the internalization of GNPs into the colorectal cancer cells was undertaken to compare them with the EIT images. When the cells were incubated with functionalised GNPs, the change was more apparent, approximately 40±2%. This change was reflected in the EIT image as the cell area was more clearly identifiable from the rest of the area.

Significance: EIT can be used as a new method to locate functionalized GNPs in human cells and help in the development of GNP-based drugs in humans to improve their efficacy in the future.

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